Skip to content Skip to sidebar Skip to footer
Home / When Creating or Reading a System Flowchart, the Triangle Symbol Represents a:

When Creating or Reading a System Flowchart, the Triangle Symbol Represents a:

Post a Comment

Diagram that represents a workflow or procedure

A simple flowchart representing a process for dealing with a non-functioning lamp.

A flowchart is a type of diagram that represents a workflow or process. A flowchart can also be defined as a diagrammatic representation of an algorithm, a step-past-step approach to solving a chore.

The flowchart shows the steps equally boxes of various kinds, and their order by connecting the boxes with arrows. This diagrammatic representation illustrates a solution model to a given trouble. Flowcharts are used in analyzing, designing, documenting or managing a procedure or program in various fields.[1]

Overview [edit]

Flowcharts are used in designing and documenting simple processes or programs. Like other types of diagrams, they help visualize what is going on and thereby aid empathise a process, and maybe also find less-obvious features within the procedure, similar flaws and bottlenecks. At that place are different types of flowcharts: each type has its ain set of boxes and notations. The two well-nigh common types of boxes in a flowchart are:

  • A processing step, ordinarily called action, and denoted as a rectangular box.
  • A conclusion, usually denoted as a diamond.

A flowchart is described every bit "cross-functional" when the nautical chart is divided into different vertical or horizontal parts, to draw the command of different organizational units. A symbol appearing in a particular part is within the control of that organizational unit. A cross-functional flowchart allows the author to correctly locate the responsibility for performing an action or making a determination, and to testify the responsibility of each organizational unit of measurement for different parts of a single process.

Flowcharts draw certain aspects of processes and are commonly complemented by other types of diagram. For instance, Kaoru Ishikawa divers the flowchart as ane of the seven basic tools of quality command, adjacent to the histogram, Pareto chart, bank check sheet, control chart, cause-and-issue diagram, and the scatter diagram. Similarly, in UML, a standard concept-modeling annotation used in software development, the activity diagram, which is a type of flowchart, is only one of many different diagram types.

Nassi-Shneiderman diagrams and Drakon-charts are an alternative notation for process flow.

Mutual culling names include: catamenia chart, procedure flowchart, functional flowchart, procedure map, process nautical chart, functional process chart, business organisation procedure model, process model, process flow diagram, work flow diagram, business flow diagram. The terms "flowchart" and "menses chart" are used interchangeably.

The underlying graph structure of a flowchart is a menses graph, which abstracts away node types, their contents and other ancillary data.

History [edit]

The starting time structured method for documenting procedure catamenia, the "period procedure chart", was introduced past Frank and Lillian Gilbreth in the presentation "Process Charts: Outset Steps in Finding the One Best Way to do Work", to members of the American Guild of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) in 1921.[2] The Gilbreths' tools quickly found their way into industrial engineering curricula. In the early 1930s, an industrial engineer, Allan H. Mogensen began to train business people in the employ of some of the tools of industrial engineering science at his Piece of work Simplification Conferences in Lake Placid, New York.

Art Spinanger, a 1944 graduate of Mogensen's grade, took the tools back to Procter and Gamble where he developed their Deliberate Methods Change Plan. Ben S. Graham, another 1944 graduate, Director of Formcraft Engineering at Standard Register Industrial, practical the menstruation process chart to information processing with his development of the multi-period procedure chart, to present multiple documents and their relationships.[3] In 1947, ASME adopted a symbol gear up derived from Gilbreth'southward original work as the "ASME Standard: Operation and Flow Process Charts."[four]

Douglas Hartree in 1949 explained that Herman Goldstine and John von Neumann had developed a flowchart (originally, diagram) to plan computer programs.[5] His contemporary account was endorsed by IBM engineers[6] and by Goldstine's personal recollections.[7] The original programming flowcharts of Goldstine and von Neumann tin be found in their unpublished written report, "Planning and coding of problems for an electronic computing musical instrument, Part II, Volume i" (1947), which is reproduced in von Neumann'southward collected works.[8]

The flowchart became a popular tool for describing computer algorithms, merely its popularity decreased in the 1970s, when interactive figurer terminals and 3rd-generation programming languages became common tools for reckoner programming, since algorithms can be expressed more than concisely as source lawmaking in such languages. Oft pseudo-lawmaking is used, which uses the common idioms of such languages without strictly adhering to the details of a detail 1.

Present[ when? ] flowcharts are still used for describing computer algorithms.[nine] Mod techniques such as UML action diagrams and Drakon-charts can be considered to be extensions of the flowchart.

Types [edit]

Sterneckert (2003) suggested that flowcharts tin be modeled from the perspective of different user groups (such as managers, arrangement analysts and clerks), and that at that place are four general types:[ten]

  • Document flowcharts, showing controls over a document-flow through a arrangement
  • Data flowcharts, showing controls over a data-flow in a system
  • System flowcharts, showing controls at a concrete or resource level
  • Program flowchart, showing the controls in a programme within a system

Notice that every type of flowchart focuses on some kind of control, rather than on the particular flow itself.[ten]

However, there are some dissimilar classifications. For example, Andrew Veronis (1978) named three bones types of flowcharts: the system flowchart, the general flowchart, and the detailed flowchart.[eleven] That same yr Marilyn Bohl (1978) stated "in exercise, two kinds of flowcharts are used in solution planning: organization flowcharts and program flowcharts...".[12] More recently, Mark A. Fryman (2001) identified more than differences: "Decision flowcharts, logic flowcharts, systems flowcharts, product flowcharts, and procedure flowcharts are but a few of the different types of flowcharts that are used in business organization and authorities".[13]

In addition, many diagram techniques are similar to flowcharts merely carry a dissimilar proper noun, such as UML activity diagrams.

Building blocks [edit]

Mutual symbols [edit]

The American National Standards Plant (ANSI) ready standards for flowcharts and their symbols in the 1960s.[14] The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) adopted the ANSI symbols in 1970.[15] The current standard, ISO 5807, was revised in 1985.[16] More often than not, flowcharts catamenia from top to lesser and left to right.[17]

ANSI/ISO Shape Name Description
Flowchart Line.svg Flowline (Arrowhead)[fifteen] Shows the procedure'due south order of operation. A line coming from one symbol and pointing at another.[14] Arrowheads are added if the flow is not the standard top-to-bottom, left-to correct.[15]
Flowchart Terminal.svg Concluding[14] Indicates the beginning and ending of a plan or sub-procedure. Represented as a stadium,[14] oval or rounded (fillet) rectangle. They ordinarily contain the word "Start" or "End", or another phrase signaling the start or end of a process, such as "submit inquiry" or "receive production".
Flowchart Process.svg Process[15] Represents a gear up of operations that changes value, form, or location of data. Represented every bit a rectangle.[15]
Flowchart Decision.svg Decision[15] Shows a provisional operation that determines which one of the ii paths the program volition take.[14] The operation is commonly a yes/no question or true/imitation exam. Represented as a diamond (rhomb).[fifteen]
Flowchart IO.svg Input/Output[15] Indicates the process of inputting and outputting information,[15] as in entering data or displaying results. Represented equally a rhomboid.[14]
Flowchart Annotation.svg Note[14] (Comment)[15] Indicating additional information almost a step in the programme. Represented as an open rectangle with a dashed or solid line connecting it to the corresponding symbol in the flowchart.[fifteen]
Flowchart Predefined Process.svg Predefined Process[fourteen] Shows named process which is defined elsewhere. Represented as a rectangle with double-struck vertical edges.[14]
Flowchart Connector.svg On-folio Connector[xiv] Pairs of labeled connectors supersede long or confusing lines on a flowchart page. Represented by a small circle with a alphabetic character inside.[14] [18]
Off page connector.png Off-page Connector[14] A labeled connector for use when the target is on some other page. Represented as a habitation plate-shaped pentagon.[14] [xviii]

Other symbols [edit]

The ANSI/ISO standards include symbols across the basic shapes. Some are:[17] [18]

Shape Name Clarification
Flowchart database Data File or Database Data represented by a cylinder symbolizing a disk drive.
Flowchart Document Document Unmarried documents represented every bit a rectangle with a wavy base of operations.
Flowchart Document multiple Multiple documents represented equally a stack of rectangles with wavy bases.
Flowchar Manual input Transmission operation Represented by a trapezoid with the longest parallel side at the top, to correspond an operation or adjustment to process that can simply be made manually.
Flowchart manual input Transmission input Represented by quadrilateral, with the tiptop irregularly sloping up from left to right, like the side view of a keyboard.
Flowchart Preparation Preparation or Initialization Represented by an elongated hexagon, originally used for steps similar setting a switch or initializing a routine.

Parallel processing [edit]

  • Parallel Mode is represented past 2 horizontal lines at the beginning or ending of simultaneous operations[17]

For parallel and concurrent processing the Parallel Way horizontal lines[19] or a horizontal bar[20] indicate the kickoff or cease of a section of processes that can be done independently:

  • At a fork, the process creates one or more boosted processes, indicated by a bar with one incoming path and two or more approachable paths.
  • At a bring together, two or more processes continue equally a single process, indicated by a bar with several incoming paths and i outgoing path. All processes must complete before the single procedure continues.[20]

Software [edit]

Diagramming [edit]

Whatsoever drawing program can be used to create flowchart diagrams, but these will take no underlying data model to share data with databases or other programs such as project management systems or spreadsheet. Many software packages be that tin can create flowcharts automatically, either directly from a programming linguistic communication source code, or from a flowchart description language.

There are several applications and visual programming languages[21] that use flowcharts to represent and execute programs. Generally these are used as pedagogy tools for beginner students. Examples include Flowgorithm, Raptor, LARP, Visual Logic, Fischertechnik ROBO Pro, and VisiRule.

See likewise [edit]

References [edit]

  1. ^ SEVOCAB: Software Systems Applied science Vocabulary. Term: Flow chart. Retrieved 31 July 2008.
  2. ^ Frank Bunker Gilbreth, Lillian Moller Gilbreth (1921) "Process Charts" (PDF). Archived from the original on 2015-05-09. Retrieved 2016-05-06 . {{cite spider web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL condition unknown (link) . American Social club of Mechanical Engineers.
  3. ^ Graham, Jr., Ben S. (10 June 1996). "People come up starting time". Keynote Address at Workflow Canada.
  4. ^ American Order of Mechanical Engineers (1947) ASME standard; operation and period procedure charts. New York, 1947. (online version)
  5. ^ Hartree, Douglas (1949). Calculating Instruments and Machines. The University of Illinois Press. p. 112.
  6. ^ Bashe, Charles (1986). IBM'due south Early Computers . The MIT Printing. p. 327.
  7. ^ Goldstine, Herman (1972). The Computer from Pascal to Von Neumann . Princeton Academy Printing. pp. 266–267. ISBN0-691-08104-2.
  8. ^ Taub, Abraham (1963). John von Neumann Collected Works. Vol. five. Macmillan. pp. 80–151.
  9. ^ Bohl, Rynn: "Tools for Structured and Object-Oriented Design", Prentice Hall, 2007.
  10. ^ a b Alan B. Sterneckert (2003) Critical Incident Management. p. 126
  11. ^ Andrew Veronis (1978) Microprocessors: Design and Applications. p. 111
  12. ^ Marilyn Bohl (1978) A Guide for Programmers. p. 65.
  13. ^ Marker A. Fryman (2001) Quality and Procedure Improvement. p. 169.
  14. ^ a b c d e f k h i j k 50 m Gary B. Shelly; Misty E. Vermaat (2011). Discovering Computers, Complete: Your Interactive Guide to the Digital Earth . Cengage Learning. pp. 691–693. ISBN978-one-111-53032-7.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Harley R. Myler (1998). "2.iii Flowcharts". Fundamentals of Engineering science Programming with C and Fortran. Cambridge University Printing. pp. 32–36. ISBN978-0-521-62950-8.
  16. ^ "ISO 5807:1985". International Organisation for Standardization. Feb 1985. Retrieved 23 July 2017.
  17. ^ a b c Flowcharting Techniques GC20-8152-ane. IBM. March 1970. p. 10.
  18. ^ a b c "What do the different flowchart shapes mean?". RFF Electronics. Retrieved 23 July 2017.
  19. ^ Jonathan W. Valvano (2011). Embedded Microcomputer Systems: Real Time Interfacing. Cengage Learning. pp. 131–132. ISBN978-i-111-42625-5.
  20. ^ a b Robbie T. Nakatsu (2009). Reasoning with Diagrams: Decision-making and Problem-Solving with Diagrams. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 68–69. ISBN978-0-470-40072-two.
  21. ^ Myers, Brad A. "Visual programming, programming by example, and plan visualization: a taxonomy." ACM SIGCHI Bulletin. Vol. 17. No. four. ACM, 1986.

Further reading [edit]

  • ISO 5807 (1985). Data processing – Documentation symbols and conventions for information, program and arrangement flowcharts, programme network charts and system resources charts. International Organization for Standardization.
  • ISO 10628: Diagrams for the chemical and petrochemical industry
  • ECMA 4: Flowcharts (withdrawn – list of withdrawn standards)
  • Schultheiss, Louis A., and Edward M. Heiliger. "Techniques of menstruum-charting." (1963); with introduction by Edward Heiliger.

External links [edit]

  • Flowcharting Techniques: An IBM manual from 1969 (five MB; PDF)

costillothourany.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flowchart

Post a Comment for "When Creating or Reading a System Flowchart, the Triangle Symbol Represents a:"